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OBJECTIVE： To analyze the situation of drug instruction revision and promote the standardization. METHODS： By reviewing the laws and regulations on the management of drug instructions in China， inquiring the official documents of drug instruction revision during Jan. 2015 to May 2019， the types of drugs involved and the revised items were analyzed， and the contents and shortcomings of the drug instructions and their revision process were summarized. RESULTS： A total of 112 revision notices were issued in 5 years （20， 28， 19， 34， 11 revision notices in 2015-2019， respectively）， involving 270 varieties. There were 109 prescription drugs， 161 OTC， 158 Chinese medicines， 105 chemicals， and 2 biological products. The revised items mainly focus on safety information such as precautions， adverse reactions， contraindications， and additional warnings， including 100， 85， 103， 52 items. However， in combination with clinical practice， the author found that there were still some problems， such as non-standard writting drug instructions， lack of supervision on the implementation of the revision， and no notification to the relevant users after the revision， which seriously threatened the safety of drug use. CONCLUSIONS： The included specifications of drug instructions are not well regulated， the implementation of the revised instructions is not doing well， the delineation of rights and obligations is confused， and the legal binding force is not strong. The standardization of drug instructions in China needs further improvement.
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Objective To summarize the imaging features of the primary extranodal lymphoma (PENL)and evaluate the diagnos-tic value.Methods The clinical manifestations,imaging findings and pathological types of 50 patients with PENL were analyzed retrospectively.Results Fifty patients of PENL included 4 cases in orbit (8.0%),1 in middle ear and mastoid (2.0%),5 in thyroid (10.0%),2 in breast (4.0%),8 in lung (16.0%),5 in stomach (10.0%),15 in intestine (30.0%),1 in adrenal gland (2.0%),5 in testis (10.0%),2 in prostate (4.0%)and 2 in soft tissue of shoulder and hip (4.0%).In all patients,the nodular type was 40% (20/50),diffuse type was 34% (17/50)and massive type was 26% (13/50).Most lesions were regular (54%,27/50)and had clear margin (94%, 47/50).26 cases (52%)were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with diffuse large B cell type.Conclusion The imaging findings of PENL are various and nonspecific,which may be easily misdiagnosed.Various imaging methods have different sensitivity for the diagnosis of lymphoma in different sites.
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Objective To investigate the CT characteristics of primary pulmonary sarcoma (PPS).Methods The CT findings,clinical and pathologic data of 5 patients with PPS were analyzed retrospectively and summarized by reviewing the relevant literatures.Results Mass were bigger, the largest diameter was about 9.8 cm, with an average of 6.3 cm.The tumors displayed staghorn shape in 1 case,quasi-circular mass in 1 case and irregular agglomerate in 3 cases.Spicule sign was not found in all cases.No hilar lymph nodes swelling were seen and mediastinal lymph nodes swelling were seen in 2 cases.Calcification was not found in all cases.1 case with ipsilateral pulmonary artery aneurysms caused by pulmonary artery infringed.1 case with pulmonary embolism under the same side.The lesions of all cases were mild enhancement.2 cases were accompanied by ipsilateral hydrothorax.Bone destruction was not found in all cases.Conclusion CT features of PPS are of certain relative specificity.A definite diagnosis is depended on pathology.
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Objective To explore the feasibility of detecting atherosclerosis with 7.0T MR and Micro-PET. Methods Ten 46-week-old ApoE-/- mice with high lipid diet for 6 months were selected to establish atherosclerosis models. Among them, 5 mice underwent MRI before and 12 h, 24 h, 36 h after injection of SPIO, respectively, and the other 5 mice were injected with ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG) through tail vein and observed with Micro-PET after 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. The specimens of abdominal aorta were taken for pathologic examination. Results Atherosclerotic plaques were observed in all animals with 7.0T MRI after 6 months high lipid diet. Thirty-six hours after the injection of SPIO, the high signal rings were thinner and the lumen of blood vessels were wider than those before injection on T2WI. Radioactive concentration was observed in abdominal aorta and both sides of iliac artery 3 h after the injection of ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG). Pathological examination showed the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the aggregation of the macrophages. Conclusion 7.0T MRI and Micro-PET can be used to observe the macrophage-rich plaque and to judge the vulnerability of plaque, thus provide theoretical basis for early detection, diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Objective To establish abdominal aortic dissection model in ApoE-/-mice, and to evaluate the ability of 7.0T MR to detect the abdominal aortic artery aneurysms in ApoE-/-mice in vivo. Methods ApoE-/-mice aged 10 months were infused with angiotensin Ⅱ with 14 days Osmotic minipump after 10 weeks of high lipid diet. Two different doses of angiotensin Ⅱ were given to mice, i.e. 1000 ng/(kg·min) and 500 ng/(kg·min), respectively. The contrast group was infused with saline water. The abdominal aortic artery was observed in vivo with MR before and within 14 days infusion. At last, the pathological changes of the abdominal artery were compared with MRI findings. Results After 6 or 7 days higher dose of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion, aortic dissection was seen. MR T2WI showed crescent-shaped high signal in the vessel wall of one side，the pathological study identified the hematoma between media and adventitia. Abdominal aortic dissection aneurysms were also found in the mice 13 or 14 days after lower dose of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion, which were consistent with pathological studies. Besides, the signal of the vessel wall was significantly higher in both T2WI and PDWI sequences. There was excellent agreement between MR and histopathology. 〖WTHZ〗 Conclusion Abdominal aortic dissection aneurysms model can be successfully established with different doses (1000 ng/(kg·min) and 500 ng/(kg·min)) of angiotensin Ⅱ infusion into ApoE-/-mice fed with high lipid diet. High-resolution MR is able to visualize the abdominal aortic dissection aneurysm formation in vivo.